Traditionally, the curriculum to be taught at a particular school or in a school system was left to the local board of education, but at least since the turn of the century and federal and state accountability requirements, curricum has become a matter of preparing for the tests that are used to evaluate everything from an individual student's readiness to a school district's performance.   Of course, what is taught in the classroom sometimes gives rise to citizen or parental complaints   Increasingly the mantra of "parent rights" has become close to a new Constitutional right giving parents more individual control over what is taught their child. In an effort to keep up with other states and best practices, the state General Assembly as had even greater involvement in not only what is taught but how it is taught.  This chapter identifies a number of curriculum issues with which local boards of education should be familiar. The chapter will also review assessment and testing of students, particularly as assessment relates to the concept of local accountability for student learning and achievement.